LED (Lighy Emitting Diode), also known as a light emitting diode , which use a solid semiconductor chip as the light emitting material , when the ends with a positive voltage , charge carriers in the semiconductor compound occurs , causing excess energy emitted photons emitted visible light .
In recent years , as people continued to deepen the study of semiconductor light-emitting materials , LED manufacturing technology advances and new materials ( nitride crystal and phosphor ) the development and application of ultra-high brightness LED in various colors made ​​a breakthrough progress in the luminous efficiency by approximately 1000 times chrominance aspect has been achieved in all colors of visible light , the most important is the appearance of high brightness white LED , the LED applications across high efficiency lighting market becomes possible. It has been noted that the high-brightness LED will be one of humanity after Edison invented the incandescent bulb , the greatest invention .

LED 's outstanding features:
■ ■ Low power consumption high luminous efficiency
■ ■ safe, high reliability and long service life
■ Green

Time for LED lamps , LED bulbs and LED drivers and other product categories, and were followed to the finished product or parts of each luminaire , which should refer to the safety standards :

LED energy saving lamp -. UL 1993/CSA C22.2 No 1993, UL 8750
LED fluorescent tube - UL1993/CSA C22.2 No 1993, UL 8750, UL1598/CSA C22.2 No 250, UL 1598B..
LED Portable Lighting -. UL 153/CSA C22.2 No 12, UL8750
LED wall lamps, ceiling -. UL 1598/CSA C22.2 No 250, UL8750
LED Nightlight -. UL1786/CSA C22.2 No 256, CSA C22.2 No 12, UL8750.
LED garden lights - UL1838/CSA C22.2 No 12, UL8750.

LED energy saving lamp -EN 60968, EN 62031, EN 61347-1, EN 61347-2-13, EN62471
LED fluorescent tube -EN 60968, EN 62031, EN 61195, EN 61347-1, EN 61347-2-13, EN62471
LED Portable Lighting -EN60598, EN60598-2-4, EN 62031, EN 61347-1, EN 61347-2-13, EN62471
LED wall lamps, ceiling -EN60598, EN60598-2-1, EN 62031, EN 61347-1, EN 61347-2-13, EN62471
LED Night Light -EN60598, EN60598-2-12, EN 62031, EN 61347-1, EN 61347-2-13, EN62471
LED garden lights -EN60598, EN60598-2-1, EN 62031, EN 61347-1, EN 61347-2-13, EN62471

Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems
In the past, optical radiation on the human body for the damage and no detailed assessment of the measurement method , the traditional means of testing is to assess the ultraviolet light contained or not visible content . So when the new LED lighting technology appears, in the past we evaluate the use and evaluation of its laser products the same standard IEC / EN 60825.
LED products are now no longer the latest version of laser safety standards (IEC / EN 60825-1:2007) covered , need to follow the IEC / EN 62471 risk rating. 60825 is only suitable for laser products.
EN 62471 is CE Low Voltage Directive (LVD directive 2006/95/EC) is also covered by artificial optical radiation directive (AORD 2006/25) covered
IEC / EN 62471 applies to all lamps and lamp systems, including LED, incandescent bulbs, fluorescent lamps, gas discharge lamps , arc lamps and other lights and lamps.
On household energy efficiency requirements for non-directional lamps EU regulations 244 /2009 also specify the content of the test on the need to follow the UV IEC / EN 62471 Execution ( includes energy-saving lamps and incandescent / halogen ) .
Since rectified LED lights CB certification must include IEC 62471 and IEC TR 62471-2 perform light biosafety testing.
According to OSM / CTL resolution , LED lamps must be tested in accordance with IEC / EN 62471.
LED module on the human eye protection label , reference IEC / EN62471.
IEC/EN60825 standard main concern is the energy level of testing , mainly for laser or spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation products . IEC / EN 62471 in addition to including the energy requirements is also concerned about what aspects of biology , including radiation intensity, radiance . IEC / EN 62471 in accordance with the measured data for each product will have a grading, including the exemption level , low hazard , medium hazard , high hazard level.

IEC / EN 62471 - Evaluation of lamps and lighting systems biology safety guidelines . Special exposure limits detailed reference measurements technology evaluation and classification of all the optical radiation power non-coherent multi-frequency optical source control hazards , including LED products, but does not include the product of the laser wavelength from 200nm to 3000nm .

Optical , color performance specifications and test requirements
United States not only pay attention to the safety requirements of semiconductor lighting products , but also pay attention to regulate its optical and color performance. As a new type of light source , semiconductor lighting products on its optical and chromaticity characteristics and other sources has a large difference , and therefore can not be fully referenced standard conventional light sources be considered. The National Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA and the American National Standards Lighting Group ANSLG jointly issued a related solid-state lighting products chromaticity specification ANSI NEMA ANSLG C78.377-2008, the standard has been approved as an American National Standard ; IESNA released IES LM- 79-08 " solid-state lighting products electrical and Photometric Measurements " and IES LM-80-08 "LED light measuring lumen maintenance ", which plays in the two standard electrical and photometric measurements , the light fades measurement of semiconductor lighting iconic role.

■ ANSI C78.377-2008
ANSI C78.377-2008 " chromaticity specification of solid state lighting products " provides daily solid state lighting (SSL) chromaticity range recommended for use . Standards applicable to LED -based , integrated control circuit and heat sink , so only AC or DC power supply can run the SSL products. Standard applies to the entire lighting products , which includes a light source and a support device , but does not apply to individual sales support device without light source. Standards for indoor lighting products everyday , does not apply to outdoor and some of its intention to issue the IPL products . For non-routine application of lighting , color requirements can be relaxed.
Content standards consist of two parts : the first part includes some definitions and requirements associated chroma ; second part is informative appendix , describes the chromaticity specification of SSL products and technical requirements to develop the background source .

■ IES LM-79-08
IES LM-79-08 " solid-state lighting products Electrical and Photometric Measurements " provides a measurement of solid state lighting (SSL) for total luminous flux , electrical power , luminous intensity distribution and chromaticity time , the procedures to be followed and precautions . Standards applicable to LED -based , integrated control circuit and heat sink , so only AC or DC power supply can run SSL products ; does not apply to the need for external circuitry or external heat sink to run ( such as LED chip , LED packaging , LED modules etc. ) of SSL products.

■ IES LM-80-08
IES LM-80-08 "LED light measuring lumen maintenance " provides a test based on inorganic LED packages , arrays and modules lumen maintenance . Lumen maintenance is the ratio of luminous flux and light source test points on the maximum flux of time , usually expressed as a percentage . With conventional light sources , lumen maintenance of LED light sources is gradually declining , down to the moment when the numerical standards , they think their life has ended.